Subcutaneous emphysema without other symptoms after repetitive dives

Please register or login

Welcome to ScubaBoard, the world's largest scuba diving community. Registration is not required to read the forums, but we encourage you to join. Joining has its benefits and enables you to participate in the discussions.

Benefits of registering include

  • Ability to post and comment on topics and discussions.
  • A Free photo gallery to share your dive photos with the world.
  • You can make this box go away

Joining is quick and easy. Log in or Register now!

ssummerhays

Registered
Messages
8
Reaction score
1
Location
Portland, OR
# of dives
200 - 499
My husband and I just got back from a lovely two week trip to Fiji. Over the course of twelve dive days we completed thirty eight dives. Thirty two of these were using 32% nitrox and the other six were on air.

On three or four occasions during our trip I came up from dives and noticed that I had a small amount of subcutaneous emphysema (crepitus) over my chest, and once it also extended slightly up the left side of my neck. These incidents were not on subsequent dives but were spread throughout our two weeks in Fiji. I had no other symptoms at all - no shortness of breath, chest or pleural pain, swelling, rash, cough, scratchy throat, itching, or discomfort. On each occasion that it occurred it disappeared within about thirty minutes. I continued to dive because of the lack of other symptoms.

I noticed no correlation between the crepitus and whether I was diving air or nitrox. My max depth on air was 75 feet and max depth on nitrox 111 feet, but more typically I was diving multi-level profiles with a short period of time at a max depth of about 80 feet and then shallowing up. As is my standard, all safety stops were held at fifteen feet for five minutes. I have opted to set my computer to prompt a deep stop on dives over eighty feet and complied with all deep stop reminders when prompted. I experienced no rapid ascents, but on a few dives we did have a moderate amount of surge in shallower water towards the end of our dives. Surface intervals ranged from ninety minutes to four and a half hours. A no time did I go into deco.

Upon returning home I called DAN and was told that I should see a dive pulmonologist. However, when the DAN representative searched for one where I live in Portland, Oregon, the closest found was in Seattle. Rather than just refer me to my internist who has no knowledge of dive medicine, DAN referred me to a dive internist who is associated with the chamber in Portland. I scheduled an appointment to see him next week. I was surprised when his medical assistant told me that she had explained my symptoms to the doctor and he wasn't worried that there was anything acute going on and that it was probably just skin bends. Based on my explanation of my symptoms and of their resolution shortly after each dive, it was obviously not an acute issue. If it had been I would have sought help immediately. Also, subcutaneous emphysema as a symptom of skin bends? My understanding of skin bends does not include the symptoms I experienced (and does include other symptoms which I have never experienced).

I am hoping for some answers when I see the doctor next week. I don't intend to dive again until I have clarified the cause of the crepitus I experienced, but as an avid diver I am hoping for answers soon. In the meantime, can anyone here on ScubaBoard shed light on the situation?
 
My fiance' gets the same red rash on her left forearm if she makes two dives on air. It goes away after a half hour or so, but itches like mad. She tried making fifteen minute safety stops, which helped most of the time but not always. This year she has been diving nitrox exclusively and hasn't had her "itchy patch" return.
 
Hi ssummerhays,

Sorry to hear about your situation.

I couldn't agree more that what is described almost certainly is not "skin bends" (
cutaneous DCS
), or any other sort of DCS. Cutaneous DCS, caused by excessively rapid off-gassing of nitrogen, typically affects areas of the body rich in fatty tissue. The torso, especially the stomach area, and shoulders and arms often are involved, as may be the thighs and buttocks. The condition is typically associated with a violet to red or mottled/marbled rash (cutis marmorata). It usually presents as a constant & intense itching and tends to clear within an hour or two, and almost always within 24 hours. By itself, it does not involve crepitus. It tends to look like this-->

(
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/52/21/52_52.1212/_pdf)

MMS: Error (yes, the link works).

What you describe indeed does sound very much like scuba-related subcutaneous emphysema, a condition that causes crackling (crepitus) when the affected area of skin is compressed. It is a form of pulmonary barotrauma and the result of burst air sacs (alveoli) that force expanding air into the space under the skin around the neck and collarbone. It may be caused by overly rapid ascents, breath holding upon ascent, and medical conditions that can block and trap air in the lungs. It often is accompanied by other signs/symptoms such as chest or neck pain or sweiiing, sore throat, or difficulty swallowing or breathing, but isn't necessarily.

Fortunately, air in subcutaneous tissue does not usually prove problematic and small amounts typically are readily reabsorbed by the body, as appears to have occurred in your events. However, in some cases subcutaneous emphysema can indicate a potentially serious condition of the lungs. As such, it would be prudent to have an appropriate pulmonary examination, preferably by a specialist with some knowledge of diving medicine.

Please let the forum know the outcome of your next week's physician appointment.

Regards,

DocVikingo

This is educational only and does not constitute or imply a doctor-patient relationship. It is not medical advice to you or any other individual and should not be construed as such.


 
I would add that you should refrain from diving until the cause of this is determined. Like DocV said, subcutaneous emphysema after diving is likely related to pulmonary barotrauma of ascent. Another form of pulmonary barotrauma is arterial gas embolism. If you do have a condition that causes air trapping, you may also be at risk of AGE.

Best regards,
DDM
 
Am I missing something? Is the gas mix relevant to barotrauma symptoms beyond the higher Oxygen levels being reabsorbed faster?

I concur with DDM. I would have stopped diving and called DAN after observing the first occurrence. Please let us know what you learn.
 
Am I missing something? Is the gas mix relevant to barotrauma symptoms beyond the higher Oxygen levels being reabsorbed faster?

Hi Akimbo,

You've got it right.

Cheers,

DocV
 
My fiance' gets the same red rash on her left forearm if she makes two dives on air. It goes away after a half hour or so, but itches like mad. She tried making fifteen minute safety stops, which helped most of the time but not always. This year she has been diving nitrox exclusively and hasn't had her "itchy patch" return.

I have been thinking about your post and find it pretty interesting. Are the symptoms really that repeatable? As far as that goes, is the dive profile that consistent? Sorry if this is a hi-jack.
 
https://www.shearwater.com/products/perdix-ai/

Back
Top Bottom