The solubility of gas into a solution is called "Henry's Law". You can find a simple explanation for it here: http://scidiv.bcc.ctc.edu/wv/09/0009-006-henry.html
The "difference" between the partial gas pressure and the disolved pressure of the same gas is called "tension". Gas is ALWAYS trying to achieve equilibrium. Consequently the higher the tension, the quicker the transfer.
Since the lungs are designed for an efficient transfer of gasses, have an unusally high tension at this interface does not cause difficulties.
The "difference" between the partial gas pressure and the disolved pressure of the same gas is called "tension". Gas is ALWAYS trying to achieve equilibrium. Consequently the higher the tension, the quicker the transfer.
Since the lungs are designed for an efficient transfer of gasses, have an unusally high tension at this interface does not cause difficulties.