Navy's LFA Sonar a threat to divers?

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drbill

The Lorax for the Kelp Forest
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I received the following e-mail from the NRDC regarding the legal fight to halt the use of LFA sonar by the Navy due to its potential impacts on marine mammals.

Since the article suggests serious impacts occured at distances of 40 miles, I'm concerned about possible impacts on divers within that range of Navy ships.

The southern California Channel Islands, especially Catalina and San Clemente, would be particularly susceptible to such impacts (if true) given the Naval activity out of San Diego and San Clemente Island's status as a Navy training base.

Would welcome comments from others re: the potential of this threat to divers. For those of you who wish to take the suggested action, that will be your choice.

Dr. Bill


Dear NRDC BioGems Defender,

We need your immediate support as we go to trial in a case that is critical to the future of marine mammals on this planet. Three weeks from now, NRDC litigators will face off against the Bush administration in federal court with the safety of entire populations of whales and dolphins at risk.

This long-awaited courtroom battle is the culmination of our eight-year campaign to stop the U.S. Navy from illegally deploying its Low Frequency Active (LFA) sonar system -- a new technology that blasts ocean habitats with noise so intense it can maim, deafen and even kill marine mammals.

I hope you'll go right now to make an online emergency contribution in support of this historic case.

What's at stake? Consider: last year, the Bush administration issued the Navy a permit to deploy LFA sonar over 75 percent of the world's oceans and to harass or injure up to 12 percent of every single marine mammal species found anywhere in this vast expanse of ocean!

But before that disaster could unfold, your support enabled NRDC to race to court last fall and win a dramatic eleventh-our reprieve for thousands of whales and dolphins. A federal judge blocked global deployment of the sonar system until a full trial could be held and all the evidence heard.

That all-important proceeding will begin on June 30th. It will determine whether this dangerous technology is finally unleashed upon our planet's oceans -- or whether it should be permanently blocked until the Navy obeys the law and demonstrates that LFA would not cause serious harm to ocean life.

Scientists are warning that LFA sonar may threaten the very survival of entire populations of whales, some already teetering on the brink of extinction. At close range, the system's shock waves are so intense they can destroy a whale's eardrums, cause its lungs to hemorrhage, and even kill.

Further away, LFA noise can cause permanent hearing loss in marine mammals after a single transmission. At 40 miles away, LFA noise is still so intense it can disrupt the mating, feeding, nursing and other essential activities of marine mammals.

Two years ago, the mere testing of high-intensity Navy sonar in mid-frequency range caused a mass stranding of whales in the Bahamas. Whales from at least three different species died, their inner ears bleeding from the explosive power of the sonar signal.

Just last month, a group of biologists off the coast of Washington state witnessed a "stampede" of distressed marine mammals as a U.S. destroyer, operating a powerful mid-frequency sonar system, passed through. Over the next several days, ten porpoises were discovered stranded on nearby beaches.

And the dangers go beyond marine mammals. In preparing for the upcoming trial, NRDC has uncovered the shocking results of the Navy's own LFA research on human scuba divers. One Navy test subject was exposed to 14 minutes of LFA noise at 160 decibels -- far below the level of 235 decibels at which the actual LFA system will be operating. The diver experienced uncontrollable shaking in his limbs and lapsed into a seizure-like state that recurred periodically for days. The Navy's report described him as a "casualty."

The Bush administration wants us to believe that the impacts of LFA will be negligible! Launching a massive acoustic assault on the world's oceans is not negligible. Threatening communities of whales, dolphins and humans with injury and death is not negligible.

The Bush administration's position on LFA is arrogant, inhumane and, almost certainly, illegal. But we cannot stop the deployment of this technological menace unless we have the financial resources to fight this courtroom battle to the very end and win a permanent ban.

Again, I urge you to help by going to
right now and making an online emergency contribution.

With your help, we can make sure that no more whales have to suffer and die from high-power sonar. Let me know you'll stand with us at this critical moment in the fight to protect all ocean life. Thank you.

Sincerely,

John H. Adams
President
Natural Resources Defense Council

. . .

BioGems: Saving Endangered Wild Places
A project of the Natural Resources Defense Council


Note: We appreciate the opportunity to communicate with you and other NRDC
BioGems Defenders, but if you would prefer not to receive BioGems updates or
hear from BioGems activists in the field, you can send an email message to
with "Please remove my name" in the subject
line.
 
I think that the concern applies to the dolphins and whales. I know for a fact that dolphins/porpoises navigate primarily by sonar. I would have to pull up research, but I believe that whales use sonar a great deal as well. The beautiful songs that the humpbacks make are an example of what they can hear that we can't. I don't believe that our bodies are just that attuned to sound but I am sure that we have a marine biologist on this board who will comment.

I served on subs and I know that an active sonar burst (which sounds alot to me like a loud dolphin cry) will make a sub's hull reverb a bit. That is one heck of a lot of energy. I don't know about 40 miles. I know that if we had divers in the water when I was in, the active sonar was tagged to prevent us from accidently imparting that energy into said divers. I wouldn't want to be close to a ship using active sonar. But, I would think that if the ship is out of visual range of your dive flag in the open sea, you will be safe. Nine times out of ten, we won't be diving in the same lanes as a Navy ship. The navy doesn't like civilian divers that close to their vessels anyways and has this way of telling everyone else to move out of the way. (Maybe it has to do with the big guns on those ships....)

Now about those whales and dolphins.....
 
Hi Diverbrain,

How long ago was it that you were a sonarman?

What the aticle above is talking about is a new type of much more powerfull sonar than has been available to the Navy in the past.

Unless you were involved in the trials/testing of this new sonar, you would not have had direct experience with it so can't simply say something along the lines of "Oh, it's not so bad if it's X miles away."

It's kinda like a person who has only had experiance with conventinal bombs saying "Oh, I don't think there's any danger if a Nuke is dropped at least X miles from you..."

235 decibels is just frightening! Especialy underwater where sound carrys MUCH better than in the much thinner air above.

For example: sounds over 155 dB can permanently damage an unprotected persons hearing very quickly. At just 95 Db it is almost impossible to hear someone talking to you. A jet engine at takeoff power is about 140 dB.

The 235 dB ping of the new sonar is 80 dB higher than the 155 already proven to be over the danger level limit.

Depending on how it's calculated, +3 to +6 dBs doubles the sound pressure.

Figuring on the conservative side:

235 dB - 155 dB = 80 dB

80 dB / 6 dB (per sound doubling) = 13.3333...

More than 13 doublings of the 155 dB 'danger level'.

1 doubled 13 times works out to 8,192.

So mathamaticaly (with admitedly suspect math) this thing is producing over 8,000 times the sound pressure of a jet engine at take off and it's pumping that directly into the water...

I, for one, don't wanna be swimming near that baby when it goes off and I wouldn't be surprised if turned out that the Navy diver "casualty" had some nerve damage from that test...
 
I know I dont want to be anywhere near a 235 dB sound.. above or below the water.

Can we say - permenant hearing loss?
 
Energy is also proportianal to wavelength, inversely proportional to frequency. Therefore the effects of LFA (LF for low frequency :)) will be greater than traditional active sonar at a given distance from the source. That is the reason for working with LFA is it not, imaging objects at greater distances. For instance, new(ish) research of elephants suggests that they are capable of communicating over great distances (100+ miles) by emitting sounds in the acoustic ultra-low frequency range, below human range.

In addition, LFA is not the only way to go. I know of at least one navy that uses passive sonar instead of active. The concept here is, I guess, that you can't hear a whisper when you're shouting.

As regards cetaceans, I also know that sonar isn't necessarily used with the classic pings but extracts of natural ocean sounds can be used to try and mask active sonar activity. Maybe messages are being inadvertently sent to these animals.

I had made the points in the original thread but that appears to have been pulled or at least I'm not allowed to access it.
 
The Navy has had SONARS that could hurt people for years and there are procedures in place to keep that from happening. As near as I can tell, they work pretty well.

LFA will require somewhat different procedures, but it isn't anything that can't be figured out.

Here in the Norfolk area, ships with some pretty powerful SONARs (AN/BQQ-5 and AN/SQS-53 for example) navigate within a few miles of sport divers all the time. They figured that out and they'll figure out how to do it with LFA.

Figuring out how to use LFA without tearing up the ocean critters is going to be considerably more difficult. Not knowing much about the system, my wild guess is that they will find some modes can't be used at all and others will be subject to time, place, and power restrictions.

Listening to alarmists on either side of the issue won't solve the problem.
 
Correct-a-mudo. While I have my concerns and the bleeding eardrums of whales is the biggest of them, People tend to lose my suppost when they shout that the sky is falling.

What do I mean, I mean this statement.

What's at stake? Consider: last year, the Bush administration issued the Navy a permit ... to harass or injure up to 12 percent of every single marine mammal species found anywhere in this vast expanse of ocean!

This is basically what the sentance said without all the crap in the middle. 1st harrassment is the wrong word, it's not being done on purpose JUST to GET THE AMIMALS, 2nd, it's an unfortunate effect. One that could be prevented by stoping the use of the sonar. They would have held my attn longer by say it that way. They make it sound like Bush issued them fishing licenses to kill at will.
 

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