Howdy JT2:
You sure know how to ask a lot of question in a very few words! Short answer is, you hear about the Table 6 treatment so often, because it's pretty much the jack-of-all trades treatment for diving injuries. You can justify treating just about any diving injury requiring recompression with a Table 6. A Table 6 treatment involves a dive to 60 feet on O2 with periodic "air breaks" where the diver breathes air to reduce the risk of oxygen toxicity. A typical Navy Table 6 lasts 285 minutes (excluding descent time.) There are multiple variations of Table 6 treatments. For example, Navy Table 6A initially takes the diver down to 165' on air. It is probably most often used in cases of arterial gas embolism (but some think a regular Table 6 is just as good).
You hear about Table 5 treatments too sometimes. It also involves a dive to 60' on O2 with air breaks, but it's only 135 minutes long. It might be used when you suspect (but perhaps doubt) DCS and want to give a diver a "test of pressure" and it is sometimes used to treat non-neurological (pain only) DCS or as followups for subsequent treatments after a Table 6 treatment. It is also sometimes used for omitted decomprssion stops in divers with no symptoms.
The Navy also has Table 1A, 2A, and 3 which are air treatment tables when O2 isn't available. Table 7 is another air table with
long times at depth. Table 4 can be used with O2 or air. Table 8 is a
deep table that might use heliox. Total ascent time from 225' is 56 hours, 29 minutes in a Table 8.
The individual decompression status and oxygen clock for each diver in the chamber needs to be accounted for- including the attendants.
That brief summary barely scratches the surface. Best thing is probably to refer you to the horse's mouth. You can download and read the US Navy Diving Manual from:
http://diverlink.com/library/usn/
Head to Volume 5, particularly Chapter 21 to see the tables in graphic form (
much easier to understand).
HTH,
Bill