Charlie99
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The book "Reef Fish Behavior" by Ned Deloach, photos by Paul Humann, has this to say about groupers changing colors:
I highly recommend this book, along with the companion Reef Fish ID and Reef Creature ID books written by Paul Humann and edited by Ned Deloach.
Nearly all groupers can switch colors and body patterns quickly and can also lighten and darken radically. These often striking transitions are triggered by changes in habitat, water depth, light levels or the fishes' desposition. Changes in patterns frequently occur when groupers feed, attend cleaning stations, spawn, resit or signal members of their own species. <emphasis added>
I highly recommend this book, along with the companion Reef Fish ID and Reef Creature ID books written by Paul Humann and edited by Ned Deloach.