Hopefully someone from Orlando will chime in, I'm from a couple hours north of O-town and may not know some on the closer diving holes. But... A drift dive down Rainbow River might be a possibility. There is a water taxi that will take you from parking at KP Hole
K P Hole and the Rainbow River a mile upriver to the spring head, then you drift back to your car. You'll need a dive flag, of course. Bird's Underwater
Swim with Manatees | Scallop & Dive Tours | Crystal River, Florida | Bird's Underwater can give you more info. It's also the time of year that Bird's offers snorkeling with the manatees

Both Rainbow River & Crystal River are at least 1.5hr drive.
Diving out of Jupiter/West Palm is all drift diving from a boat. Sometimes the current is ripping along a bit more than others, but there are reef sites for both OW & AOW divers. It's at least 2.5hrs from Orlando, so making a morning boat might be tough, but most have afternoon boats on the weekends. This week Jupiter Dive Center
Home & Pura Vida (Riviera Beach)
| Pura Vida Divers : Discover South Florida SCUBA Diving are also running afternoon boats. Stuart Scuba
Stuart Scuba - Explore the Beauty of the Underwater World is also a great charter, but I think they have morning boats. Force e dive shop
Force-E Scuba Diving Centers of South Florida - Since 1976 doesn't run a boat, but knows what boats are going out and can help you find a dive. There are other great charters in the area, I think you'd have a good time with any of them!
The Blue Heron Bridge in Riviera Beach is a great shore dive, but is more miss than hit at the moment. Dredging is going on nearby and you don't know what the visibility will be until you get to the site (or in the water). It's tide dependent, the dive window is from an hour before until an hour after high tides. Pura Vida and Force E shops have tides and info on diving Blue Heron on their websites. From Christmas into the week after, it's afternoon high tides.
There are great shore dives farther south, around Lauderdale by the Sea, but it's quite a hike from Orlando. Gold Coast Scuba Divers
https://www.meetup.com/goldcoastscuba/ usually have a shore dive going on.
Hope this helps!
Tana