To shoot in TTL in manual with CHDK you need a script - I posted a link to my dropbox where you can download it
For what concerns your second question it depends on the focal length, with my Inon UFL165AD and a magnification of 0.405 at 35mm equivalent am actually at 3mm
Looking at depth of field I want something that when focusing at 1 foot gives me infinite depth of field, this happens at F5.6 approximately
and essentially means that even with the crappy focus of the camera at one foot everything beyond will be automatically in focus and sharp
If I go on shutter speed when the camera is at 35mm it will then select an f-stop of 2.8 for the aperture, this at the same one foot will give me only 2 feet in focus. To obtain infinite I will need to step back at two feet which means my foreground will be darker as the strobe is further away and might not be able to illuminate the subject in front of me
Good knowledge is on
DOF Master
I have spent quite some time looking at all permutations that the camera settings can offer and right now I can train anyone to jump in the water at F5.6 1/125 ISO100 with a fisheye lens and a DS-TTL flash and take pretty good pictures with very few adjustments
Have a look at this set
Best of St Lucia 2012 - a set on Flickr the subjects are not that great and visibility was around 15 meters sometimes 20 however with this set up and minimum training my partner managed to take a few good shots. Look at the CFWA they are all in DS-TTL
Some shots are in natural light and some in Av (I was checking the camera capabilities for training purposes)
This shot
CFWA Diver | Flickr - Photo Sharing! is in Manual with DS-TTL
The other one
CFWA Diver Silouette | Flickr - Photo Sharing! is in Av with CHDK forced shutter speed auto iso (the camera chose 250 sigh!)
And this one in full manual again
Diver with Camera | Flickr - Photo Sharing! with DS-TTL
You may or not like the exposure that is set by the photographer however absolutely everything is in focus zoom in and you will see (with the limitation of the ISO 250 that is a bit noisy) if this was shot in shutter speed the camera would have chose F2.2-F2.8 and the diver in the background would have been blurred
Having the camera to focus so easily and a high shutter speed pretty much just leaves the photographer with the choice of subject and composition eliminating unnecessary time to adjust too many settings. Of course you need the equipment...