DAN has a very simple and effective method of ensuring divers are all back aboard the boat:
https://www.diversalertnetwork.org/files/DIDS_Application.pdf
I can't believe that more charters haven't adopted this or something similar. I could make my own for under $2.
The DAN DIDS system has been mentioned in other threads. I am especially impressed that, at least at the time of this post, they were giving it away.
http://www.scubaboard.com/forums/basic-scuba-discussions/404220-charter-boat-diver-roll-call.html
I have experienced the simple, cheap, low-tech "tag method" (or a facsimile) being used on some liveaboards and I think it is a good idea, all the time, not just on liveaboards.
---------- Post added March 16th, 2015 at 01:49 PM ----------
I think that the concept of being "left at sea" is the stuff of nightmares. I have mentioned before that recently we came up at the mooring site after a dive on Cayman Brac only to find that the mooring line had broken and the boat was gone. Happily, the Reef Divers divemaster in the water and the divemaster on the boat both handled the situation well and everybody was shepherded to the new mooring site "safe and sound" and all were accounted for.
My husband and I are just "sissy warm water OW vacation divers" but I can think of 2 other instances in my dive experience when this has been an issue.
One was when we were diving from a liveaboard in the Sea of Cortez and the conditions were rough due to recent storms. The procedure was to do drift dives and then deploy your safety sausages on the surface at the end of your dive so that a panga (inflatable chase boat) could be dispatched to retrieve you.
After one dive, when we were safely back on board (along with most of the other divers) the divemaster did a roll call and realized he was missing 2 divers. The boat started cruising in the direction of the current looking for the missing divers. Everyone on board was hanging over the railings trying to spot them. At last someone saw the pair vigorously waving their safety sausages. They had traveled well beyond the range of most of the other divers. They were safely retrieved and "all was well" and they had a good story to tell on the top deck that night. I am certain that no one called the Mexican Coast Guard (perhaps that is not SOP in Mexico?) but happily it was a "near miss" and no one was harmed. I hope that someone learned something useful from it.
The other instance was less dangerous but it happened to me. We were diving in the Red Sea on a liveaboard but we were close to the Sharm el Sheik harbor during this particular dive. Conditions were calm and easy and we were near the shore. All of the dives were drift (chase boat) dives - not because the current - but because there are so many dive boats in the area that it is easier to keep the mother boat moored and use small boats to retrieve divers.
This was long ago, back when I was using my Oceanic Omega regulator and sucking down a tank of air faster than any of the other divers (wow, do I regret that equipment decision!) I was running low on air and signaled to my husband/buddy that I was going up. He watched me get to the surface and give the "ok" sign and signal for a pick-up and then he continued with the dive group - as was our practice on that trip.
On the surface I could see my pick-up boat but the crew were too busy watching some dancing girls in bikinis on a yacht moored in the harbor to pay any attention to me. I deployed my safety sausage to get their attention, it didn't work. I shouted and waved - nothing happened - the girls kept dancing and the guys kept watching.
Finally, I climbed out and stood on top of the reef (it was just under the surface - usually I avoid touching the coral but I was getting desperate). Then I took off one of my fins and waved and shouted. Eventually one of them noticed me and they came to get me. I was in no danger but it made me think about being lost at sea all alone and nobody paying attention as I wildly waved and shouted for help. Very scary scenario. I don't think that there is such a thing as overreacting or "being too cautious". JMO