For Curacao here are some options:
You can arrange with Bas Harts Diving for a private guided dive - he'll pick you up at the port. They have a cruise program.
Curacao - Shore Diving - Dive Courses - Dive Safaris - Dive Excursions - Cruiseship Diving
You can arrange with Atlantis Diving for dives - they'll pick you up. I
believe they have access to a boat.
Atlantis Diving Curacao - Cruise ships
You can taxi to the Dive Bus location and shore dive Pierbaai beach across the street. Due to timing, you'll miss the bus for their two tank in the morning.
Cruise Ship Passengers
I'd contact Caribbean Sea Sports at the Marriott also. It's less than 2 miles north of the cruise port and they have shore diving there and a 1PM boat dive available. So if your sailing time is 4pm or later, that's an option.
Caribbean Sea Sports | Your Dive Shop With Personality!
Goby Divers could be another possible option depending on your schedule. The cruise port is within their pickup area - it's under a mile from their shop. I don't know if they accommodate cruise divers.
GOBY DIVERS - CURACAO, N.V. - PADI Authorized dive shop & instruction They have a 4 diver minimum for boat dives.
For Bonaire - there's a current thread discussing some cruise options here:
http://www.scubaboard.com/forums/bo...re-dive-tanks-dock-good-stairs-handrails.html
Depending on your port time you might also be able to get on someone's morning boat. But it's a little trickier since there's a day pass for the Bonaire Marine Park that you have to acquire also and I don't know how that works. The nearest place to the cruise port within walking distance is Dive Friends Yellow Sub location so I suggest starting with them. They have a decent shore dive there also but it's not the best of Bonaire.
http://www.divefriendsbonaire.com/ Also they keep their boats there if there is time within your schedule for that. As mentioned in the thread I linked to - the closest - the Divi Resort - doesn't accept cruise traffic. Which is odd since you can walk to it from Town Pier.
Of your other choices Aruba diving is very similar to both Bonaire/Curacao since each island is within 50mi. or less of the other. I have not been to Aruba but we found Bonaire and Curacao to be very similar diving.
Grand Turk is excellent wall diving - the wall is literally 10mins off the island in areas and they dive about 40 sites on it. And crystal clear water. Oasis is the cruise operator and you book them thru the ship. I believe there's only 3 choices there - Oasis, Grand Turk Diving or Blue Water Divers. All have cruise options.
http://www.oasisdivers.com/cruise-ship-guests
http://www.gtdiving.com/cruise.htm
http://www.grandturkscuba.com/grand-turk-cruise/grand-turk-excursions/
IDK anything about the DR at all.