The "government" in the US has no laws regulating SCUBA diving, with the exception of some dive flag regulations and DOT tank hydro regulations. You do not have to be certified to SCUBA dive, I dove for years without a c-card. Once you deal with dive operations, it is their shop and/or boat and their rules you have to conform to so you can do business with them. Most of their "rules" are made to satisfy their insurer and reduce their costs.
When dive instruction started, the YMCA was involved because their decades of providing excellent swim instruction. They always taught that you should swim with a buddy, so it was a natural progression that diving with a buddy was included and. taught.
There are advantages to buddy diving, but you have to be good at it for it to work. And this is from a solo diver.
Bob
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I may be old, but I'm not dead yet.
In Australia the laws make it nigh on impossible not too- all but a law against it and you can't SCUBA dive any of the public dams here in QLD even if you have certification.
You "both" have to be aware of buddy systems weakness to make it work at a higher safety level then true solo done by a well experienced diver, so at the level of experience people are left to their own devise after certification, I don't see it as a real safety benefit, more as a confidence booster- which can go south quite rapidly for hasty types(50% of dive fatalities happen before the diver has done over 20 dives).
In Australia there is an official "guideline", even if you're just taking friends private diving in your own boat, if something happened and you couldn't show you're using it's protocols, legally you'd get sued hard by the family of the unfortunate diver. This was done under the work place health and safety laws(taking some of the costs of the insurance industry=more profit for them).
Here you wouldn't get a tank refill from any dive shop unless you are certed.
https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/law...-safety-laws/laws-and-legislation/diving-laws
Lots of this goes hand in hand with Quality assurance required for very limited access and tendering of contracts to the largest coral reef in the world- it's basically a way of duopolising the best parts of the barrier reef for the dive charter operators(it kills the employment scene for dive instructors/guides, most on those charter operations are on tiny money and are foreigner usually doing a working holiday-taking jobs off Australian here, so much for safety in that case!), the Manta operation(Singapore) is rumoured to be having a shot at getting permitted to dive the GBR ,see how that goes . Here we got a fee, a levy and tax on everything and more, you would be astounded by the amounts involved, it's a disgrace. It all makes diving very expensive in a place that has so much unrealised diving potential for tourism, eco tourism should be its focus in lot of places here, we are lucky for the low population to have so much unspoilt areas.
Oddly enough, I am glad the QLD GOV. got this done before the TPP is signed!