Females don’t know their limit more than males. They are perhaps more willing to accept imposed limitations than men, but certainly they don’t know the limitations any better. And if you think males are bad (which you suggest) then by the same thought process, what should one expect of a young male whose willingness to take risk makes dad look like grandma. This sounds like the "everyone’s kids do drug but mine". The skills taught should be the same. The difference is the acceptance issue and perception of risk by those who think they are invincible. I believe the OW courses do PROVIDE THE SKILLS NEEDED TO SURVIVE. In 60 ft of water max. and that is it. So yes it is a training permit in regards to any other diving environment. With your ow card you train on your buoyancy and trim. You train on being a good buddy, you train on recognizing hazards in gear, set up and water skills. You train on becoming one with the water. As far as skills go the OW provides the majority of the water skills needed for master diver. The OW course does not provide competence. That is what is learned with experience with hours of trial and error that the class can not provide in the time given, to make it work for you. When you become competent with the skills you move on to AOW and take your full functioning OW mastered skills to an AOW environment. In the military we had something called practical factors. It was a check off sheet of your demonstrated abilities. Many of these abilities were sea going items. For those who did not have a chance to go to sea for a few years the rules allowed to have these abilities signed off if the person was believed to have the ability to do it afforded the training and opportunity. Hence most got promoted solely on a time line rather than a proven and documented qualification progress. The OW course is no different. If you can show rudimentary buoyancy skills you are OW passed but the possession of that OW cert does not make you qualified to take AOW if good,,, barely minimum OW skills are required to take the course. I will give the benefit of the doubt that the majority of those on SB who teach are not those who cut corners for that sake of making a buck and paying your rent. Reality is that there are many out there who do the absolute minimum to provide a cert and cover their legal backsides while doing it. Many of you out there have had to either dive with or try to further train the product of those instructors,, so please do not think that I am bashing the instructors that train to produce a quality product and not quantity.