Let me put a bit different "take" on this thread, and what it means to be a scientist. In 1984 I made two dives in the North Umpqua River, which was convenient as it was only 10 minutes from my home at the time in Roseburg, Oregon. I had my Nikonos II camera, set up for macro photography with my Subsea 150 strobe unit. I started at the head of Winchester Reservoir, and would be underwater taking macro photos of the aquatic life. Well, I had a surprise; as I descended I noted that the mussels were secreting a white substance. I took a whole roll of film (Kodacolor color negative film), then drifted downstream to exit. The next week I went again and repeated this dive, and got another 36 exposures of these mussels spawning.
Well, since 1984 I have at times tried to excite others about these unique photos, which I have not seen published either in the regular press or in technical/scientific papers about these Western Pearlshell Mussels. I finally contacted the Xerces Society here in Portland, and got a reply from, Emilie Blevins, Senior Conservation Biologist, Endangered Species Program of the
Xerces Society. She informed me that there will be a 13th BIENNAL FMCS SYMPOSIUM of the Freshwater Mussel Conservation Society, which I had never heard of before. So I sent in an abstract for a 15 minute talk about my unique photos; it was rejected. I had made several mistakes in my abstract, and I wasn't an active scientist in this field. I had decided not to switch formats to a platform poster or a 5-minute presentation.
Myself and the scientist who was in charge of the presentations had a number of discussions, and I felt that my information was worth 15 minutes. But she was insistent that I would not be approved for a talk. After a lot of e-mails back and forth, during which I talked about the fact that a person doesn't need a Ph.D. behind his/her name to make contributions to the science of mussels reproduction, I decided to do a poster and not a talk. I put together a poster with just four of my spawning photos, but also photos of possible fish other than salmonids that could be potential hosts to these Western Pearlshell Mussels. It is pretty much accepted that it is salmonids that do serve as the hosts of the glochidia (immature mussel which must attach to either gills or fins of a fish to develop), but I have noted that my observations are that salmonids are very infrequently in the area where these releases occurred. Other fish, the redside shiner, the Umpqua Northern Pike Minnow, and the Largescale sucker seemed more likely host fish, along with the salmonids in the area. Well, we'll see.
Now, all of these are photographic observations, and not scientific analyses. I therefore call myself an underwater natuaralist, and not an underwater scientist. Now, if I were an underwater scientist, I would have tried to capture the conglutinate release in a bottle, looked at it under a dissecting scope, and perhaps tried introducing it to a few different fishes to see whether they continued to develop in an aquarium. But at the time, I was a safety and health consultant in workers' compensation insurance, as a full-time job, and had two sons in school, on the swim team, in band, in boy scouts, and in piano practices. There was simply no time to do this type of research, and I had no aquarium to work with. We moved into a large house, and I had a shed built (the "Other Side") which eventually could have accommodated a lab with aquariums (we at that time had river water pumped up to the house, and this was my retirement dream). But I lost that job, and had to relocate to the Beaverton, Oregon area. So in order now, in my retirement, to become an aquatic scientist, I would need to either associate myself with a college lab, or set up my own lab with aquarium, dissecting scope, microscope, and digital photographic equipment in order to do more research on mussels (which still is a possibility, although I'm getting older all the time and enjoying retirement).
So I'll continue in the role of underwater naturalist, and probably not become an underwater scientist. There are local mussel beds to investigate, but I haven't seen this phenomena since that magic week in 1985. Apparently, Emilie Blevins has seen this in the wild, but it happened so quickly that she didn't get good photos of it. I have a good poster designed, which the Patty Morrison, Program Committee for
FMCS stated was "visually stunning," may accomplish all that I had hoped to do with a presentation.
I hope this gives you an example though of the difference between an actual aquatic scientist and an underwater naturalist. I also have my Master of Science Degree in Public Health (MSPH), emphasis in Industrial Hygiene, and this is an actual science. I have in the workplace taken measurements of hazards, including ionizing radiation, noise, chemicals (hydrogen fluoride, sulfuric acid, etc.) using calibrated instrumentation. A casual observer could say that there was a cloud of some sort of hazardous substance, but the industrial hygienist would use instruments to determine exactly what the substance was, what the concentration was, and whether it was hazardous (over the OEL, or occupational exposure limit). This is the science of industrial hygiene and occupational health. Scientists quantify things, whereas a naturalist simply documents the observations he or she makes.
SeaRat