TDI Advanced Nitrox travels into more depth on the physiological effects of higher fractions of O2. ie FO2 > 40. As for PO2, 1.6 PO2 is the maximum. You spend more time using the equations to calculate Best Mix, MOD, EAD, CNS%, and OTU's. Much of the book is a repeat of the TDI Basic Nitrox book.
This class is usually taught in conjuction with TDI's Decompression Procedures class. The most common use of FO2 > 40 is in decompression. The typical class when combined lasts about 6-8 hours, and you complete several dives focussed on equipment considerations, planning, procedures, and implementation.
For the combined class, equipment considerations include O2 clean regs, manifolds, spg's, tanks, etc... Planning includes using back gas bottom time, decompression stops, and gas switches. Procedures include gas analysis, gas management, contingency planning, emergency procedures, lift bag deployment, etc...
TDI's and IANTD's courses are very similar. I'm not sure about PADI's course.
The Adv. Nitrox has real benefit to decompression diving. It is also worth taking as a Nitrox refresher after you have dived Nitrox for a while. Your understanding will be at a much higher level than you left the Basic class with.
This isn't a completely detailed answer, but I hope it helps.