Certainly sounds like a recommendation for some good old-fashioned all-metal regs. If I like the way it breathes at depth I'll probably be switching my Swimaster in as my primary instead of my G250.
I haven't read the whole thread but posting based upon my first reading of your original post.
While I think you handled yourself well, it seems to me you're taking it a bit too hard and blaming a lot of other people for not recognizing your issue though you were dealing with it just fine.
If you have a bee in your bonnet about insta-buddies, that will come across. If you think you're too good for insta-buddies, that will come across. If you have a good attitude and are tolerant that different people have different needs and experience levels, that will also come across. You have choices and you can always choose to not do a dive. Sounds like you made one poor choice (diving with faulty gear) that scared the bejeesus out of you and now you come across (to me) as someone with a bad attitude as a result. Communication underwater is difficult at the best of times unless you've trained extensively with someone. Expecting someone, especially an insta-buddy, who was dealing with their own issues to recognize what waving your reg at them means doesn't seem reasonable to me. Just my opinion, which is probably worth what you paid for it.
I'd suggest doing some serious self-reflection about what prompted your anger/annoyance and then make an honest assessment of your own skill level before you discount all insta-buddies as kooks.
That is a good question. I don't know the answer. When the diaphragm came out of the front of the reg, the controlling mechanism opens all of the way, shutting off air flow. If it was free flowing, would I be able to breath from it?
You should have learned in OW class how to breath from a free-flowing reg. Or was that a rhetorical question for you to think about some?
EDIT: Just in case it wasn't clear, I think you actually handled yourself extremely well during the incident. It's the before and after-incident issues from which I think you can learn the best lessons. Others have already said stuff about gear inspections and I'm sure you've already decided not to dive known faulty gear again. Buddy selection can be a difficult task but it doesn't have to be. Remembering it's always better to dive another day than take an unnecessary risk of having an accident today is, I think, one of the hardest lessons to learn, though. Whether that risk is associated with gear, weather, or buddies, isn't especially relevant but is definitely more difficult depending upon which is the issue.