Craig Baumann:Usually the air escapes around the ear drum without any action on the part of the diver.
It actually leaves the way it came in, by way of the eustachian tube. It would only go past the ear drum in the case of a perforation.
My son can't dive, because he can't clear his ears at all. When he pinches his nose and exhales to try to accomplish it, air comes out of his eyes, so somehow his Eustachian tubes are connected to his tear ducts.
That's the nasolacrimal duct. It's connected to the airway in a way that's similar to the eustachian tubes, but is anatomically separate from them. Think of your upper airway as a manifold with a variety of tubes, large and small, coming off it. I once managed to clear a low-volume mask by bubbling air out of the corners of my eyes. Great way to freak people out. For those who do this, closing the eyes tightly will often prevent air from bubbling out.