Some silicone formulations are more stable than others, is the surmise I've come to. I've not dealt with masks, but have had other silicone items that sat in the heat and sun do what you describe. I was able to clean one up, but I don't recall thinking it was likely to stay that way. Unless yours is just dirty with something else. I can't recall now what did the trick, but I'm sure I would have tried hot soapy water, 91% isopropanol, and acetone or MEK. If those didn't do the trick I would have moved on to something moderately acidic, like white vinegar or even diluted pool acid, or something moderately basic like diluted sodium hydroxide (Drano crystals). Wearing nitrile gloves and eye protection for all, at all times of course. I really don't recall it being acid or base, so probably one of the first three.
Sorry I can't be more specific, other than to say I was able to remove a lot of the gumminess.