Digital diver's setup is pointed the right direction, but oddly is missing some very important information (intentional?)
First off, how far away you are shooting is important, because the setup for one distance is not the setup for another (the beam gets wider as it gets farther from the camera.
Second, it starts with where the strobes are in relation to the camera.
Third, it makes a big difference if you are using one or two strobes.
Fourth, background is really important
And lastly, one has to set the strobe up for the particular strobe one is using as not all have the same field of view.
In the gulf, the majority of the images I take are between 1.5 and 2.5 feet away. I do some a lot closer, and some a lot farther away, but I start with this setup.
I use two strobes, so they can be wider apart than a single strobe, you want to be a bit less than 45 degrees, so at 1.5 ft, that means something over a foot, but less than 1.5 to the side of the camera.
Next turn the camera on and one strobe on and position the strobe close to straight out and take a picture of something solid and fairly flat from say between 1.5 and 2 feet. look at the image... is it uniformly lit? Hopefully you missed and can tell how far the strobe needs to be moved. Do the other side the same way (anymore I just do one side and set the other side up the same.)
Note: make sure to use the widest angle you plan on using, as different widths take different strobe settings.. I use 50 to 90 mm, so use 50 at the startup.
If done correctly, you will only get backscatter at and behind the object. There is nothing you can do to prevent all of it. If the background is light, well the even in terrible vis it will be difficult to see.
So you see this lovely macro item....well, the strobes come in, and you have to redo, but the closer one gets the less there is to be concerned with. Remember, as you move closer to the camera, the strobe has to turn out more. But the bean is getting narrower....so it may take some practice.
So a strobe stops working, or you only have one. Well, then move the strobe in about 1/3 (more on line with the object) and do the setup test (after a while it can become second nature.
Really, really bad vis....well two strobes are not your friend, so get close, and use one strobe.
This was taken with one strobe in 90ft of water, in about 5 ft of vis...I took some real junk that day, but this one shows what you can get, if you set the image up correctly. The coral blocks a lot of the light, so the backscatter cannot be seen.
There is an exception to this, when taking images of soft bodied animals, there, you are using backscatter to make the animal show up.
The following image is as shot, after about 4 hours of photo shop work, I had a great jelly image...but here it is with all the back scatter:
Well that is the short version... good luck and have fun.