Error INCIDENT IN PALAU THAT COULD HAVE BEEN REALLY BAD

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Ken Kurtis

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This is excerpted from my Palau trip report (got back last week). This incident IMHO could easily have had a much worse utcome. Butg I thought it merited some discussion in this forum. And for perspective if you've never dove the Palau Aggressor II, this is the dive skiff that's central to the story:
PAL_8383(LR6).jpg


We finished the day at a place called Sandy Paradise, not far from Ulong Channel and this provided one of the most dangerous experiences of the trip.

The dangerous part came at the end of this dive and involved two divers on the trip who were not part of our group but part of the overall PA2 passengers. Husband/wife duo and my impression from the previous days was that the guy was a bit arrogant and wasn’t a very good/cautious diver, although he claimed to be an instructor. On this dive, his actions put both he and his wife in danger as well as almost sank the dive skiff with all of us on-board.

Sandy Paradise in and of itself isn’t a difficult dive. It’s basically a small island with a light tower on it. In the briefing, we were told that the skiff would stay on the mooring on the east side, so the goal was to go out, turn about halfway, and come back to the skiff. And if you missed the skiff, surface and inflate your safety sausage. At the same time, be aware that there’s other boat traffic in the area so surface carefully. And be aware of the current pushing you off the main reef.

End of the dive, 16 of us had made it back to the skiff with no problems. It wasn’t unusual for these two to be the last ones back so initially, there was no concern. Then we spotted where they surfaced and the mood changed.

They had surfaced on the west side of the island opposite where the mooring was. That side of the island was not only fairly shallow, but also had a large surf break. They were on the surface inside the surf zone while what I estimate at 5-7’ waves broke in front of them. Why did they surface there? We found out later that they were . . . two guesses . . . out of air!! So they had “no” choice (other than to have been more closely monitoring air supply). And they apparently were out of air because they went back to the cleaning station to take a few more pictures instead of coming back to the skiff.

I’m assuming they had no surf training not only because of where they surfaced but also because they didn’t seem to be making any move to get horizontally out of the surf zone, which was maybe 50 yards or so wide. They’d duck under breaking waves every now and then but that was it. By the same token, we could see that the waves were fairly regular and consistent, and they were getting pounded somewhat, so they must have been tired too (as well as scared).

We dropped our mooring line and Jake, the skiff captain, moved around to assess the situation. We stayed just outside the surf zone watching what was going on and trying to decide what the options were. We tried to make a couple of moves in but then had to retreat because of the breaking waves. Unfortunately the skiff doesn’t carry any sort of a float with a long line so towing them out wasn’t a possibility. Our only option was to drive the skiff into the surf zone – waves generally break in water that 4/3 their height so I guess the water was about 8-10’ deep, which is deep enough for the skiff – to try to get them in-between breaking waves.

So while we waited at the side, we could also see that the wife was panicking. We finally made a run in and were able to grab her, literally pinning her to the side of the skiff as we escaped the next wave, but we couldn’t get the husband. The skiff crew pulled her on-board in her full gear. She was sobbing and screaming and it took a moment for her to calm down once she realized she was safe. But we still had hubby to deal with.

We circled back around and could see he was still holding on to his big camera rig. I honestly don’t remember if this part came after we got the husband or as we were trying to get to him but we suddenly realized that a wave that I will estimate at 6 feet tall was about to break right in front of and over our skiff. Jake pointed the nose directly into the breaking wave and it smashed over the top of us and through. The force of the breaking wave was strong enough that it shattered the plexiglass windshield at the front of the skiff. We basically plowed through the face of the breaking wave. Luckily, no one was injured. And we eventually got the husband (and his camera) on-board.

But in discussing it later, we all commented on how had we been turned sideways, maybe even just slightly, that the wave was high enough and strong enough that it could have flipped the skiff over, dumping all of us in the water in the surf zone – or trapping us under the capsized skiff – as well as dislodging all of the tanks that were in racks on the skiff. And those certainly had the potential to knock any of us out. It was a more dangerous situation that perhaps people realized at the moment, and kudos to Jake for getting us through unscathed.

I don’t know if the Swiss couple got a talking to later on or learned anything from it (they certainly never apologized to the group or anything like that) but here are the lessons I think you walk away with:
• Watch your air at all times and save enough to deal with an unexpected situation
• Don’t surface in shallow water as there may be surf there
• If you do find yourself in a surf zone, do everything you can to get out
• Weights and cameras are extraneous gear that can be replaced – your life is not
• Fall on your sword, swallow your pride, and apologize to the group as well as thank the crew (and leave a big tip)
 
We were yelling to them to do that but they either couldn't hear us, were unable or didn't want. I was thinking we might have to send someone in but I didn't want to be that guy.
 
This sounds pretty ridiculous. Obviously the operator knew the divers had the potential to end up in the surf zone, but they had no way of dealing with that eventuality?

Why on earth did they not have a long rope and a float? That would seem to be the most basic components of safety gear.

Yelling at people who are in scuba gear, while they are getting hammered in the surf (who have no visibility to see that they might be able to swim a hundred feet laterally out of the break) is very unlikely to have a successful outcome.

When it was obvious that the couple needed rescue - where were the rescue divers/ instructors? Why did they not snorkel into the surf zone and help them? Why endanger the whole boatload of people instead of involving the professionals on the boat to help?

Is the OP a dive instructor? Why didn't he go to attempt some in water assistance and provide, at a minimum, some surface floatation when it was obvious the diver was panicked and in trouble?

If I were in that situation, and on a boat which had no lines to swim to the divers, I would have snorkeled to them with one or two life jackets, made an attempt to tow one at a time laterally out of the surf break and if that wouldn't work, then srtrip their useless tanks and (f'n) camera gear and start hauling them to a point where they could be safely picked up, one at a time if there were no other swimmers. Well at least that is what comes to mind immediately in the situation described.

The lessons learned from nearly losing the boat and endangering everyone on board is certainly not to apologize - LOL

Perhaps lessons learned might be:
The boat should have a plan for an entirely foreseeable screw up
have a safety rope and some kind of towable surface float
 
This sounds pretty ridiculous. Obviously the operator knew the divers had the potential to end up in the surf zone, but they had no way of dealing with that eventuality?

Why on earth did they not have a long rope and a float? That would seem to be the most basic components of safety gear.

Yelling at people who are in scuba gear, while they are getting hammered in the surf (who have no visibility to see that they might be able to swim a hundred feet laterally out of the break) is very unlikely to have a successful outcome.

When it was obvious that the couple needed rescue - where were the rescue divers/ instructors? Why did they not snorkel into the surf zone and help them? Why endanger the whole boatload of people instead of involving the professionals on the boat to help?

Is the OP a dive instructor? Why didn't he go to attempt some in water assistance and provide, at a minimum, some surface floatation when it was obvious the diver was panicked and in trouble?

If I were in that situation, and on a boat which had no lines to swim to the divers, I would have snorkeled to them with one or two life jackets, made an attempt to tow one at a time laterally out of the surf break and if that wouldn't work, then srtrip their useless tanks and (f'n) camera gear and start hauling them to a point where they could be safely picked up, one at a time if there were no other swimmers. Well at least that is what comes to mind immediately in the situation described.

The lessons learned from nearly losing the boat and endangering everyone on board is certainly not to apologize - LOL

Perhaps lessons learned might be:
The boat should have a plan for an entirely foreseeable screw up
have a safety rope and some kind of towable surface float
Thanks for your 20/20 hindsight. Couple of quick notes:

1. Start off with "surfaced where no divers had ever surfaced before" on this dive. You can't anticipate every situation.
2. Yes, the boat should have a tossable float and long rope. We suggested that post-incident.
3. This was not a typical beach surf zone where we're on the outside of the breakers and they're inside with breaking surf between us. The breaking area was maybe 100 yards wide. We (in the boat) were able to be on the side of it in the swell, rather than the breaking surf. We could clearly see them and yell to them to swim towards us and out of it which they did not do.
4. This is NOT a class situation with instructors , assistants, and rescue divers standing around. This is supposed to be a boatload of experienced divers. That being said, there were three wetsuited DM/guides on the boat in addition to the skiff captain. In addition to that, there were two active/teaching instructors, one inactive instructor, and one inactive DM as part of the dive group. Perhaps the fact that none of us immediately jumped in the water would be indication that "Well, just go swim to them and save them" is NOT a good plan or the first choice.
5. I'm (as OP) an active NAUI Instructor (as it says in my sig line) with 44 years of teaching under my belt and around 8,000 dives in all sorts of water conditions worldwide, including surf here in CA. I evaluated about whether we'd have to jump in but it was not an optimal choice.
6. First rule of rescue: Don't make yourself a victim. Your solution of snorkeling to them, let alone with buoyant life jackets in 5-7' breaking surf, likely would have gotten you injured or even killed. This was not as easy a situation as you seem to be thinking it was.

- Ken
 
Thanks for your 20/20 hindsight. Couple of quick notes:

1. Start off with "surfaced where no divers had ever surfaced before" on this dive. You can't anticipate every situation.
2. Yes, the boat should have a tossable float and long rope. We suggested that post-incident.
3. This was not a typical beach surf zone where we're on the outside of the breakers and they're inside with breaking surf between us. The breaking area was maybe 100 yards wide. We (in the boat) were able to be on the side of it in the swell, rather than the breaking surf. We could clearly see them and yell to them to swim towards us and out of it which they did not do.
4. This is NOT a class situation with instructors , assistants, and rescue divers standing around. This is supposed to be a boatload of experienced divers. That being said, there were three wetsuited DM/guides on the boat in addition to the skiff captain. In addition to that, there were two active/teaching instructors, one inactive instructor, and one inactive DM as part of the dive group. Perhaps the fact that none of us immediately jumped in the water would be indication that "Well, just go swim to them and save them" is NOT a good plan or the first choice.
5. I'm (as OP) an active NAUI Instructor (as it says in my sig line) with 44 years of teaching under my belt and around 8,000 dives in all sorts of water conditions worldwide, including surf here in CA. I evaluated about whether we'd have to jump in but it was not an optimal choice.
6. First rule of rescue: Don't make yourself a victim. Your solution of snorkeling to them, let alone with buoyant life jackets in 5-7' breaking surf, likely would have gotten you injured or even killed. This was not as easy a situation as you seem to be thinking it was.

- Ken
yes I can understand how the surf would definitely be deadly to a swimmer with mask fins and snorkel, but was successfully negotiated without injury by a scuba diver with a big camera rig, an empty tank and a panicked wife.

Risking and almost losing the entire boat and putting EVERYONE into the surf (with loose tanks) was a better option than sending a skilled swimmer to assist? You make it sound like the boat barely survived.
 
You make it sound like the boat barely survived.
No, the boat survived nicely (albeit with a broken windshield). But my point was that it could have been worse but the skill of the skiff captain made it a war story rather than a tragedy. But it had the potential to go south.

Also, in a situation like that, I'd much rather rely on a highly maneuverable boat with fast and powerful dual 150hp outboards to get in and out quickly than rely on a diver with mask/snorkel/fins.

- Ken
 
Is the OP a dive instructor? Why didn't he go to attempt some in water assistance and provide, at a minimum, some surface floatation when it was obvious the diver was panicked and in trouble?

I’m not the OP but am an instructor and formerly a lifeguard and lifeguard instructor/examiner. I’m also a very good swimmer.

You don’t want to turn 2 victims into 3. Not being there I can’t know if I would have judged the conditions too risky to attempt to swim to them, but it certainly sounds like they might have been. A breaking wave big enough to be a danger to that skiff would be a danger to a swimmer too.

Also while a float and long line would certainly be good to carry in those conditions it might be quite difficult to get to the struggling divers.
 
Bringing that boat into breaking surf was a really bad idea...

Not having even an anchor line aboard that could be reversed or cut off the anchor for someone to swim into them was the crux of the problem. And like many problems it started before anyone got wet.
 
I had the misfortune of having divers I was guiding get themselves dragged into breaking surf twice. Both times it was a buddy pair that had no experience of diving in bad weather or in any kind of current really. One time we had a rope long enough for me to drag to them and the boat managed the drag all of us back out. The other time I had to swim in and drag both of them out while they did their best to kick my shins to splinters, my legs were sore for months after that.


There are people who forget they know how to swim in bad conditions and I'm very glad I dive in a area where surf conditions are rare, and people wiling to board the boat and dive during such conditions are even rarer.
 

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