You don't have to have a strobe, but you will be more limited in the types of photos that will turn out well without one.
If you want to wait to buy your strobe you can still get excellent results using your internal flash, manual white balance and natural light. It's just a matter of knowing your camera and working with it to get the best result - it's digital so remember to shoot, review the shot, adjust and reshoot!
Get close - get as close as you camera will focus. This is the only way you will keep colour and will give you the best detail. The farther away you are the softer your shot will look.
Use manual. It's not that hard to learn for the basics! In clear waters try a start point of aperture 4.5 -5.6 and a shutter of 1/125 or higher. The higher your shutter speed the darker blue or black your background will be. As you go higher you will likely need to make doubly sure you are in internal flash range as the only real light on your subject will come from that, not the sun. If you are shooting macro of sea stars, nudibranchs, sponges and other non-moving things try going to f8 and using your internal flash.
Natural light works very nicely for shallow reef scenes and for silhouettes. Again, I'd turn off the flash, set up for about f5.6 and shutter about 1/125 to start. Then I'd adjust my shutter speed to control the blue background. That's for sils. Shoot upwards and if you are doing reef scenics don't shoot directly into the sun - try to get the sun's rays hitting your subject.
Do check out the manual white balance option as it is a good way to get a nice image when the internal flash isn't going to cut it and when you don't want the photo to be a collection of blues (which can be a nice effect, too).
Shoot lots and lots! Have fun!