... CO2 buildup, yes. However, there are other possibilities. If diving with certain semi-dry or even dry suits (not likely in Oz, probably), it may be too tight-fitting a (latex) neck seal.
You may be dehydrated! Drink properly well before the dive, and keep hydrated during the surface intervals.
Youmay be ascending too quickly. I used to get mild headaches as a newbie, when surfacing too quickly. Today, and with all other factors being equal (suit, equipment, dive sites, hydration) but with ascent rates often multi-level and always slow, I never have headaches. Mine were always mild, mind.
Of course, there is the possibility of a bad airfill, perhaps even traces of carbon monoxide or other contaminants?
Other (distant) possibilities are actually neurological factors (perhaps disc/neck problems due to underwater positioning and/or a squeezed nerve), a recent infection, possibly even seasickness or migraine ...
But CO2 retention is probably the likeliest cause.
Service your regulator (if diving OC) or change your scrubber more often (if on CC/SC) and don't skip breathing as has already been stated.