Though you've gotten very good explanations for the majority of your question, I wanted to touch on something specific.
catherine96821:
We all dove off of computers, and basically just made the dives up as we went along...
In some environments, this can get you killed, or put you in unnecessary danger. Considering the advent of DIR was in the caves of Florida, making it up as you went along was a good way not to make it home.
catherine96821:
Since GUE has "exploration" in the name, how does one explore new reefs, walls, etc using the DIR method of planning?
Exploration is meant in the scientific sense. Often a LOT of research is done into a site before it is explored. Local knowledge is used, electronic measuring is used, ROV's and other things are done in their proper environment. As for new walls or reefs, a maximum depth is determined for the dive, a gas is mixed and filled, and people can go look.
I am not a DIR diver yet, but am an aspiring one. Part of that means that I have to show restraint in how I expand my horizons. Strapping on a single 80 with air in it and dropping to 130ft solo to see a wall, is not "exploring". Exploring means finding out all I can about the area, the currents, the temps, the potential hazards. It means selecting the right mix to put in the tanks, having safety gear available, having a buddy or a team that can be trusted to do the same kind of exploring, etc.
This is not to say that every dive has to be a major production. But it does mean that ALL dives, even recreational ones, should be planned and executed. Sometimes the plan is as simple as "dive to that platform at 25ft and practice hovering". Leave the platform in 1 hour or at 800psi, whichever comes first. In that simple plan there is a gas plan, we know our depth, what direction we must go to get to the platform, we have an "itenerary", and hopefully we won't violate NDL limits. Of course a plan to visit an unknown reef at 130ft would involve slightly more planning. Exploring a cave at 300ft involves significantly more planning.