i dont know the finer details but i may be able to help with basics.
get a camera with a fixed lens, ie 35mm, not 18mm - 55mm. the actual measurement depends on how wide of an area you want to photograph.
get a underwater case for it.
now the hard part is to calculate the size of the other end of the box (the side you would press up against the pier) I would suggest going on a photo website for that. that would be dependent on the lens and how big of an area you want to take a picture of. the bigger the area, the farther away from the camera lens 'the other end' needs to be. make this box a sealable compartment. this is where you will put your clear water.
then devise some way to mount your camera/case to the clear water box so that it is repeatable.
but if you already have one, why not duplicate it. what is wrong with it as it stands?
sorry that was rough, I dont have the photography vocabulary to put it more intelligently.