I stumbled upon this study from 2016 and thought it might be of interest to the community:
https://academic.oup.com/bja/article-pdf/117/2/243/18275078/aew194.pdf
Now I can't say how this translates to scuba diving. My takeaway is that given a fixed breathing cycle and volume, it is best to increase the air flow towards the end of inspiration, followed by a short pause before exhaling, to expel the most CO2.
For divers, an increased inspiratory flow needs to be weighed against the increased work-of-breathing that this would incur.
https://academic.oup.com/bja/article-pdf/117/2/243/18275078/aew194.pdf
Now I can't say how this translates to scuba diving. My takeaway is that given a fixed breathing cycle and volume, it is best to increase the air flow towards the end of inspiration, followed by a short pause before exhaling, to expel the most CO2.
For divers, an increased inspiratory flow needs to be weighed against the increased work-of-breathing that this would incur.