The OP had some great questions. As a photographer, I try to make sure I am neutral, set up my shot, then inhale very slowly while making the shot. I don't have to contend with bubbles from my reg and the slow inhale keeps me from settling on the coral while my attention is on the camera.
Breathing during an ascent should be the same as the rest of your dive.
Some of this discussion makes it sound like it is OK to "ride" to the surface on your BCD and control the rate with the dump valve. I was taught to work for neutral buoyancy at all times and let your fins control the rate. You can really hurt yourself with uncontrolled ascents and descents. You should be able to stop and hold your position in the water column at any time. Its a skill that you will need to practice.
An experienced diver very familiar with their equipment can get away with things a new diver should not be doing.
Breathing during an ascent should be the same as the rest of your dive.
Some of this discussion makes it sound like it is OK to "ride" to the surface on your BCD and control the rate with the dump valve. I was taught to work for neutral buoyancy at all times and let your fins control the rate. You can really hurt yourself with uncontrolled ascents and descents. You should be able to stop and hold your position in the water column at any time. Its a skill that you will need to practice.
An experienced diver very familiar with their equipment can get away with things a new diver should not be doing.