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The USGC is mostly concerned that commercial and to lesser degree private vessels adhere to the USCG regulations on safety. If you read all the regulations the only thing related to diving is related to vessels restricted in ability to maneuver which means the vessel can not freely maneuver because of the nature of the work it is involved in, diving operations being one of several such as dredging. This is to warn other vessels of that vessels inability to maneuver by signal such as day shapes, ball, diamond, ball and lights at night, red, white, red lights.
The USCG does not require a vessel to carry any special equipment specific to diving such as oxygen.
In the commercial diving industry OSHA is the entity that mandates diving related safety procedures. In recreational diving this is relagated to insurance companies and individial shop or boat owner. On private boats it is whatever the boat owner wants to do.
All true. Additionally, the Coast Guard has adopted OSHA diving rules by reference, since OSHA does not really extend past state waters (kind of). So if you violate commercial diving rules in federal waters, you will still get a fine. It just comes from USCG instead of OSHA.