That is my job!
It is an oceanographic instrument belonging to NOAA called the Shuttle. We tow it around Narrgansett Bay once month as part of an on going monitoring program that we have been doing since 1998. It has several instruments such as a CTD to measure temperature and salinity, a dissolved oxygen sensor, a fluorometer to measure chlorophyll concentration and tell us amount of phytoplankton in the water, a thing called a fast reptition rate fluorometer that lets us study photosynthesis by phytoplankton, an optical plankton counter that counts and measures the size of zooplankton particles in the water, a light sensor that tells us how much light is penetrating the water for photosynthetic organisms to use, and a continuous plankton recorder that catches zooplankton from the water and stores them so we can study them in a lab.
We actually have an upgraded version of that thing we are going to start using in the next couple of months that also has an instrument for measuring nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, phosphate and silica).
We fly Shuttle from computers on the ship that are connected to it by a conductor wire. It has a wing on it so we can fly it up and down as we are towing it and measure the entire water column underway. We tow it at about 8 knots and go as deep as 20 meters with it. During each cruise we do a loop of Narragansett Bay that takes about about 10 hours.
I worked on that project while I was in grad school at URI and did my doctoral dissertation focusing on the fast repetition rate fluorometer data. After I finished my doctorate they gave me a job to keep working on the project. Basically, my job is doing field work with that instrument, and working up the data from it.
If you want to see some examples of the data we post some simple plots of our data on the internet after every month's cruise.
http://www.narrbay.org/d_projects/nushuttle/shuttletree.htm