Low ending tank pressure

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algal bloom

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No one here knows me because I usually like to sit back and read. I had a situation this weekend and a conversation later that made me want to post and see if those with more knowledge could explain. I'm sure this topic has been done but I couldn't find my specific concerns.

The situation: I'm embarassed about this but here is what happened. I was doing some search and recovery this weekend using a reel with a rope and swimming circles around a stationary buddy at a depth of about 40 ft. It was a very tiring, air consuming dive. After the actual search pattern, my buddy reeled me in, but he was a little tangled so we stopped to untangle him. One thing led to another and I ended up with 150 psi at my safety stop (15 ft). I breathed off of my buddy's octo for the safety stop and we then made a safe ascent. Ending with so little pressure was truly a rookie mistake and I am in no way trying to justify it.

The conversation: A friend later told me that I may have caused water to back up in to my regulator low pressure lines and possibly even my tank. We got in to the physics a little but his rationale and mine were not meshing. Dive shops have since told me not to worry, but why would there have been a worry at all?

What my question really boils down to is just my lack of understanding of the way my first stage regulator works. It is my understanding that my first stage drops tank pressure down to about 140psi. The second then drops the first stage pressure down to ambient pressure. I'll just use 33 ft as my example depth. I know that theoretically the absolute pressure acting on my body and everything else should be about 29.4 psi. So as far as the tank goes, I don't see how the 29.4 psi ambient go against the flow if my 150 psi tank air. It seems like there should be no leakage in the tank. It seems like the same would be the case with my low pressure lines where 14.7 psi g is acting against my 140 psi g on my low pressure lines. However, I'm wanting to know what happens if your first stage drops tank pressure to 140 psi but the tank pressure is below, that say (110psi). Can anyone explain this? Also, can anyone explain the danger of water backing up into my low pressure lines? Thanks!
 
There is no problem.

Most regulators have an intermediate pressure in the region of 10bar (eqivalent to over 300ft depth) above ambient pressure.

All that'll happen if the tank and ambient pressure get to the same pressure is probably no more air out (ascend a little and you'll get some more).

Due to the way most regulators work with one way valves id say the chance of it sucking up water is slim to non existant.
About the only way i can think of to cause problems is by draining a tank (and i mean totally empty to whatever ambient pressure is) underwater by holding purge on a regulator then keeping purge held in whilst swinging the reg about on its hose to force some water in. Not something thats likely to happen by accident.

As for the dangers of water getting into your regs - salt water does nasty things to metal parts and springs which is what regs and in particular your expensive first stage are made of. Thats why you shouldnt hold the purge button on some regs with no tank connected whilst washing them.
 
I think your friend is messing with you.
 
Your calcultion is correct for a balanced regulator. However if your regulator is of an unbalanced type, the IP will drop below the typical 9-10 bar (130-150psi)if your tank gets empty. Therefore your (unbalanced) second stage will be lower too. I don't know exactly how low, but you shouldn't have to worry: if you were still breathing, that means that the IP was higher than the water pressure and that water could not enter your stages.

As for the danger of water in your stages and hoses, there are several problems:
- corrosion: water may cause corrosion, which in turn can result in parts not fitting well and/or getting stuck.
- sediment: water may contain sediment which can "clog" your regulator;
- freeze up: especially in colder (<50F/10C) water in your regulator is very likely to freeze up and cause a free-flow (or worse).
Keep checking that SPG;) !
:snorkel:ScubaRon
 

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