I use a few simple ones- a circle around your buddy's light beam is the OK signal. Depending on conditions, he would draw a circle around my beam to return the OK.
Waving back and forth is "I'm not OK." The faster you wave, the more urgent the problem.
Sometimes, if I want my buddy to look at something, I'll circle his beam to "lasso" it and then "drag" it to where I want him to look. He'll know that I'm not giving the OK since I didn't leave my beam in his field of view.
Then there is the passive communication- you might not be able to see your buddy, but you should be able to see his beam, so you'll know where he is and where he is looking. Judging on how the beam is moving and bouncing around, you'll be able to tell if he is just cruising along, asleep/passed out, or wrestling with an octopus.
Have fun on the night dive!